The Box

White-Box Cryptography in the Gray Box

Implementations of white-box cryptography aim to protect a secret key in a white-box environment in which an adversary has full control over the execution process and the entire environment. Its fundamental principle is the map of the cryptographic architecture, including the secret key, to a number of encoded tables that shall resist the inspection and decomposition of an attacker. In a gray-b...

Knowledge Extraction from the Neural ‘Black Box’ in Ecological Monitoring

Phytoplankton biomass within the Saginaw Bay ecosystem (Lake Huron, Michigan, USA) was characterized as a function of select physical/chemical indicators. The complexity and variability of ecological systems typically make it difficult to model the influences of anthropogenic stressors and/or natural disturbances. Here, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were developed to model chlorophyll a con...

Black Box , State Box , and Clear Box Concepts

M a y / J u n e 2 0 0 0 I E E E S O F T W A R E 71 This was the situation in a company I worked for some years ago: people were whispering in the corners, discussing explanations and scapegoats—half-hearted attempts to put out the fire. We were rapidly losing money and self-respect, until one manager stepped forward and admitted: “This piece of software is fatal for us. We must completely rebui...

The T box and S box transcription termination control systems.

The T box and S box transcription termination control systems are widely used for control of gene expression in Gram-positive bacteria, but are rare in Gram-negative organisms. Both of these systems can be recognized in genomic data because of high conservation of primary sequence and structural elements. The T box system regulates a variety of amino acid-related genes, while the S box system i...

The Settlement Black Box